Air Release Valve Sizing Program

Please visit our literature form and select 'Air Valve Sizing Program' to request a CD-Rom version of this program. Air Valves perform two important functions in a piping system. Val-Matic Clean Water Air Valves are certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61 for drinking water components. 1 7610.483. Winning Eleven 9 Pc Game Free Download. 8b 2/02 instruction manual models: hprp 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 750 contents general safety information. Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, or A/C) is the process of removing heat from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants.

Editor's Note: Due to the high number of responses from our readers for more information regarding valve applications in 'Surge Control in Pumping Stations' (Pumps & Systems, March 2007), this article serves as a follow-up to that discussion. There are three primary sources of air in a pipeline. First, at startup, the pipeline contains air which must be exhausted during filling. Prank Programs Blogspot Comedy there. As the pipeline is filled, much of the air will be pushed downstream and released through hydrants, faucets, and other mechanical apparatus.

A large amount of air, however, will become trapped at system high points. Second, water contains about 2 percent air by volume based on normal solubility of air in water. The dissolved air will come out of solution with a rise in temperature or a drop in pressure which will occur at high points due to the increase in elevation. Finally, air can enter through equipment such as pumps, fittings, and valves when vacuum conditions occur. The effect of trapped air in a pipeline can have serious effects on system operation and efficiency.

As air pockets collect at high points, a restriction of the flow occurs that produces unnecessary headloss. A pipeline with many air pockets can impose enough restriction to stop all flow.

Also, sudden changes in velocity can occur from the movement of air pockets. When passing through a restriction in the line such as a control valve, a dislodged pocket of air can cause surges or water hammer. Water hammer can damage equipment or loosen fittings and cause leakage.

Finally, corrosion in the pipe material is accelerated when exposed to the air pocket, which can result in premature failure of the pipeline. Air is sometimes removed from a line with a manual vent during initial startup, but this method does not provide continual air release during system operation nor does it provide vacuum protection. Today, municipalities use a variety of automatic air valves at the pump discharge and along the pipeline. Three Basic Types of Air Valves There are three basic types of air valves which are standardized in American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standard C512: Air Valves for Waterworks Service. They are air release valves, air/vacuum valves and combination air valves.