Spears

Modern reproductions of a medieval European spear and a series of javelins. The heads are hand forged steel, the shafts are made from wood. A spear is a consisting of a shaft, usually of, with a pointed head. The head may be simply the sharpened end of the shaft itself, as is the case with spears, or it may be made of a more durable material fastened to the shaft, such as,,,.

The most common design for hunting or combat spears since ancient times has incorporated a metal spearhead shaped like a triangle,, or leaf. The heads of fishing spears usually feature barbs or serrated edges. The word comes from the, from the Proto-Germanic speri, from a root *sper- 'spear, pole'. Spears can be divided into two broad categories: those designed for thrusting in combat and those designed for throwing (usually referred to as ). The spear has been used throughout human history both as a hunting and fishing tool and as a weapon. Along with the, and, it is one of the earliest and most important tools developed by early humans. As a weapon, it may be wielded with either one hand or two.

It was used in virtually every conflict up until the, where even then it continues on in the form of the, and is probably the most commonly used weapon in history. Hunting spear and knife, from Archaeological evidence found in present-day documents that wooden spears have been used for hunting since at least 400,000 years ago, and a 2012 study suggests that may have developed the technology about 500,000 years ago. Wood does not preserve well, however, and Craig Stanford, a primatologist and professor of anthropology at the, has suggested that the discovery of spear use by chimpanzees probably means that early humans used wooden spears as well, perhaps, five million years ago. Were constructing stone spear heads from as early as 300,000 and by 250,000 years ago, wooden spears were made with points. From circa 200,000 BC onwards, Middle humans began to make complex stone blades with flaked edges which were used as spear heads. These stone heads could be fixed to the spear shaft by gum or resin or by bindings made of animal sinew, leather strips or vegetable matter.

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During this period, a clear difference remained between spears designed to be thrown and those designed to be used in hand-to-hand combat. By the period (c. BC), spear-throwers similar to the later were in use.

Military [ ] Spears were one of the most common personal weapons used in the, and they remained in use as important military and hunting implements until the advent of. They may be seen as the ancestor of such military weapons as the, the, the, the, the, the, and the. One of the earliest weapons fashioned by human beings and their ancestors, the spear is still used for hunting and fishing, and its influences still may be seen in current military gear such as the -mounted. Spears may be used as both a and. Spears used primarily for thrusting may be used with either one or two hands and tend to have heavier and sturdier designs than those intended exclusively for throwing.

Those designed for throwing, often referred to as, tend to be lighter and have a more streamlined head, and they may be thrown either by hand or with the assistance of a such as the. From the atlatl dart, the for use with eventually developed. Ancient history [ ]. Spearmen advancing in close formation with large shields –, c.2450 BC Short, one-handed spears featuring socketed metal heads were used in conjunction with a shield by the earliest cultures. They were wielded in either single combat or in large troop formations. This tradition continued from the first cultures, through the various ancient Egyptian dynasties, to the period of the Ancient Greek city states.